References

Alkula and Honkela, 1992

Alkula, R. and Honkela, T. (1992).
Development of text storage and information retrieval methods with natural language processing components. Final report of the FULLTEXT project (in Finnish).
VTT, Espoo, Finland.

Amari, 1967

Amari, S.-I. (1967).
A theory of adaptive pattern classifiers.
IEEC, 16:299-307.

Bates, 1986

Bates, M. J. (1986).
Subject access in online catalog: a design model.
Journal of the American Society of Information Science, 37(6):357-376.

Bookman, 1994

Bookman, L. A. (1994).
Trajectories Through Knowledge Space: A Dynamic Framework for Machine Comprehension.
Kluwer, Boston, Dordrecht, London.

Brazdil. and Muggleton, 1991

Brazdil., P. and Muggleton, S. (1991).
Learning to relate terms in a multiple agent environment.
In Proceedings of Machine Learning - EWSL-91,, pages 424-439, Berlin. Springer-Verlag.

Caramazza et al., 1994

Caramazza, A., Hillis, A., Leek, E. C., and Miozzo, M. (1994).
Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture, chapter The organization of lexical knowledge in the brain: Evidence from category- and modality-specific deficits, pages 68-84.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Carpenter and Grossberg, 1987

Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1987).
A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine.
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37:54-115.

Charniak, 1993

Charniak, E. (1993).
Statistical Language Learning.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Chen, 1994

Chen, H. (1994).
Collaborative systems: solving the vocabulary problem.
IEEE COMPUTER, 27(5):58-66.

Chen et al., 1995

Chen, H., Schatz, B. R., Yim, T., and Fye, D. (1995).
Automatic thesaurus generation for and electronic community system.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 46(3):175-193.

Cottrell and Fort, 1987

Cottrell, M. and Fort, J.-C. (1987).
Étude d'un processus d'auto-organisation.
Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, 23(1):1-20.
(in French).

de Sa, 1994

de Sa, V. R. (1994).
Unsupervised Classification Learning from Cross-Modal Environmental Structure.
PhD thesis, University of Rochester, Department of Computer Science, Rochester, New York.

Dickerson and Kosko, 1997

Dickerson, J. A. and Kosko, B. (1997).
Fuzzy Engineering, chapter Ellipsoidal fuzzy systems, pages 139-173.
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Doszkocs et al., 1990

Doszkocs, T. E., Reggia, J., and Lin, X. (1990).
Connectionist models and information retrieval.
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 25.

Erwin et al., 1992a

Erwin, E., Obermayer, K., and Schulten, K. (1992a).
Self-organizing maps: Ordering, convergence properties and energy functions.
Biological Cybernetics, 67(1):47-55.

Erwin et al., 1992b

Erwin, E., Obermayer, K., and Schulten, K. (1992b).
Self-organizing maps: Stationary states, metastability and convergence rate.
Biological Cybernetics, 67(1):35-45.

Erwin et al., 1991

Erwin, E., Obermeyer, K., and Schulten, K. (1991).
Convergence properties of self-organizing maps.
In Kohonen, T., Mäkisara, K., Simula, O., and Kangas, J., editors, Artificial Neural Networks, pages 409-414, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Elsevier.

Eysenck and Keane, 1990

Eysenck, M. W. and Keane, M. T. (1990).
Cognitive Psychology.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove and London.

Faisal and Kwasny, 1990

Faisal, K. A. and Kwasny, S. C. (1990).
Design of a hybrid deterministic parser.
In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 11-16.

Fayyad et al., 1995

Fayyad, Piatetsky-Shapiro, Smyth, and (eds.), U. (1995).
Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.
AAAI/MIT Press.

Flanagan, 1997

Flanagan, J. A. (1997).
Self-organisation in the one-dimensional SOM with a reduced width neighbourhood.
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, pages 268-273. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre, Espoo, Finland.

Fodor and Pylyshyn, 1988

Fodor, J. A. and Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988).
Connections and Symbols, chapter Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Furnas et al., 1987

Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., Gomez, L. M., and Dumais, S. T. (1987).
The vocabulary problem in human-system communication.
Communications of the ACM, 30(11):964-971.

Gallant, 1991

Gallant, S. I. (1991).
A practical approach for representing context and for performing word sense disambiguation using neural networks.
ACM SIGIR Forum, 3(3):293-309.

Gärdenfors, 1996a

Gärdenfors, P. (1996a).
Mental representation, conceptual spaces and metaphors.
Synthese, 106:21-47.

Gärdenfors, 1996b

Gärdenfors, P. (1996b).
Philosophy and Cognitive Science, chapter Conceptual spaces as a framework for cognitive semantics, pages 159-180.
Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Haack, 1996

Haack, S. (1996).
Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic; Beyond the Formalism.
University of Chicago press, Chicago.

Hillis and Caramazza, 1991

Hillis, A. E. and Caramazza, A. (1991).
Category-specific naming and comprehension impairment: A double dissociation.
Brain, 114:2081-2094.

Hirst, 1987

Hirst, G. (1987).
Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity.
Cambridge University Press.

Honkala, 1997

Honkala, M. (1997).
Personalisation through observations of browsing behaviour.
Master's thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer Science.

Honkela, 1989

Honkela, T. (1989).
Semantic interpretation and knowledge acquisition in natural language database interface (in Finnish).
Master's thesis, University of Oulu, Department of Information Processing Science.

Honkela et al., 1996

Honkela, T., Kaski, S., Lagus, K., and Kohonen, T. (1996).
Newsgroup exploration with WEBSOM method and browsing interface.
Technical Report A32, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, Espoo, Finland.

Hörmann, 1986

Hörmann, H. (1986).
Meaning and Context.
Plenum Press, New York.

Horowitz and Alvarez, 1996

Horowitz, R. and Alvarez, L. (1996).
Self-organizing neural networks: convergence properties.
In Proceedings of ICNN'96, 1996 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, volume 1, pages 7-12. IEEE, New York, NY, USA.

Hyötyniemi, 1996

Hyötyniemi, H. (1996).
Text document classification with self-organizing maps.
In Alander, J., Honkela, T., and Jakobsson, M., editors, Proceedings of Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference - Genes, Nets and Symbols, pages 64-72. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society.

Hyötyniemi and Lehtola, 1988

Hyötyniemi, H. and Lehtola, A. (1988).
UQL - the universal relation query language.
In Proceedings of STeP-88, Finnish Artificial Intelligence Symposium, pages 803-810. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society.

Hyötyniemi and Lehtola, 1991

Hyötyniemi, H. and Lehtola, A. (1991).
A universal relation database interface for knowledge based systems.
In Proceedings of DASFAA'91, 2nd International Symposium on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, pages 84-88. Tokyo Information Processing Society of Japan.

Jäppinen et al., 1988a

Jäppinen, H., Honkela, T., Hyötyniemi, H., and Lehtola, A. (1988a).
Hierarchical multilevel processing model for natural language database interface.
In Proceedings of CAIA'88, 4th Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, pages 332-337. IEEE (The Computer Society of the IEEE).

Jäppinen et al., 1988b

Jäppinen, H., Honkela, T., Hyötyniemi, H., and Lehtola, A. (1988b).
A multilevel natural language processing model.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 11:69-82.

Jäppinen et al., 1983

Jäppinen, H., Lehtola, A., Nelimarkka, E., and Ylilammi, M. (1983).
Knowledge engineering approach to morphological analysis.
In Proceedings of the First Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 49-51.

Jäppinen and Ylilammi, 1986

Jäppinen, H. and Ylilammi, M. (1986).
Associative model of morphological analysis: An empirical inquiry.
Computational Linguistics, 12(4).

Järvinen, 1994

Järvinen, T. (1994).
Annotating 200 million words: The bank of English project.
In Proceedings of Coling-94, Vol. I, pages 565-568.

Karlsson, 1990

Karlsson, F. (1990).
Constraint grammar as a framework for parsing running text.
In Karlgren, H., editor, Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, volume 3, pages 168-173. International Committee on Computational Linguistics.

Karlsson et al., 1995a

Karlsson, F., Voutilainen, A., Heikkilä, J., and Anttila, A. (1995a).
Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent Framework for Parsing Unrestricted Text, chapter Designing a Parser for Unrestricted Text, pages 1-40.
Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York.

Karlsson et al., 1995b

Karlsson, F., Voutilainen, A., Heikkilä, J., and Anttila, A. (1995b).
Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent Framework for Parsing Unrestricted Text, chapter The Formalism and Environment of Constraint Grammar Parsing, pages 41-88.
Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York.

Karlsson et al., 1995c

Karlsson, F., Voutilainen, A., Heikkilä, J., and (eds.), A. A. (1995c).
Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent Framework for Parsing Unrestricted Text.
Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York.

Kaski, 1997a

Kaski, S. (1997a).
Computationally efficient approximation of a probabilistic model for document representation in the WEBSOM full-text analysis method.
Neural Processing Letters, 5(2):69-81.

Kaski, 1997b

Kaski, S. (1997b).
Data exploration using self-organizing maps.
Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Mathematics, Computing and Management in Engineering Series No. 82.
DTech Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.

Kaski, 1998

Kaski, S. (1998).
Dimensionality reduction by random mapping: Fast similarity computation for clustering.
In Proceedings of IJCNN'98, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, submitted for publication.

Kaski and Lagus, 1996

Kaski, S. and Lagus, K. (1996).
Comparing self-organizing maps.
In von der Malsburg, C., von Seelen, W., Vorbrüggen, J. C., and Sendhoff, B., editors, Proceedings of ICANN96, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Bochum, Germany, July 16-19, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1112, pages 809-814. Springer, Berlin.

Kohonen, 1981a

Kohonen, T. (1981a).
Automatic formation of topological maps of patterns in a self-organizing system.
In Oja, E. and Simula, O., editors, Proceedings of 2SCIA, Scand. Conference on Image Analysis, pages 214-220, Helsinki, Finland. Suomen Hahmontunnistustutkimuksen Seura r.y.

Kohonen, 1981b

Kohonen, T. (1981b).
Construction of similarity diagrams for phonemes by a self-organizing algorithm.
Technical Report TKK-F-A463, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.

Kohonen, 1981c

Kohonen, T. (1981c).
Hierarchical ordering of vectorial data in a self-organizing process.
Report TKK-F-A461, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.

Kohonen, 1981d

Kohonen, T. (1981d).
Self-organized formation of generalized topological maps of observations in a physical system.
Report TKK-F-A450, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.

Kohonen, 1982a

Kohonen, T. (1982a).
Analysis of a simple self-organizing process.
Biological Cybernetics, 44(2):135-140.

Kohonen, 1982b

Kohonen, T. (1982b).
Self-organizing formation of topologically correct feature maps.
Biological Cybernetics, 43(1):59-69.

Kohonen, 1988

Kohonen, T. (1988).
The 'neural' phonetic typewriter.
Computer, 21(3):11-22.

Kohonen, 1992

Kohonen, T. (1992).
An attempt to interpret the Self-Organizing Mapping physiologically.
Report A16, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science.

Kohonen, 1993

Kohonen, T. (1993).
Physiolocigal interpretation of the self-organizing map algorithm.
Neural Networks, 6(7):895-905.

Kohonen, 1995a

Kohonen, T. (1995a).
The Adaptive-Subspace SOM (ASSOM) and its use for the implementation of invariant feature detection.
In Fogelman-Soulié, F. and Gallinari, P., editors, Proceedings of ICANN'95, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, volume I, pages 3-10, Nanterre, France. EC2.

Kohonen, 1995b

Kohonen, T. (1995b).
Computational Intelligence - A Dynamic System Perspective, chapter 2. Emergence of Invariant-Feature Detectors in Self-Organization, pages 17-31.
IEEE Press, New York.

Kohonen, 1995c

Kohonen, T. (1995c).
Self-Organizing Maps.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Kohonen, 1996a

Kohonen, T. (1996a).
Emergence of invariant-feature detectors in the adaptive-subspace self-organizing map.
Biological Cybernetics, 75(4):281-91.

Kohonen, 1996b

Kohonen, T. (1996b).
The self-organizing map, a possible model of brain maps.
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 34(suppl.1, pt.1):5-8.

Kohonen, 1997

Kohonen, T. (1997).
Exploration of very large databases by self-organizing maps.
In Proceedings of ICNN'97, International Conference on Neural Networks, pages PL1-PL6. IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ.

Kohonen et al., 1996a

Kohonen, T., Hynninen, J., Kangas, J., and Laaksonen, J. (1996a).
SOM_PAK: The Self-Organizing Map program package.
Report A31, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science.

Kohonen et al., 1996b

Kohonen, T., Kaski, S., Lagus, K., and Honkela, T. (1996b).
Very large two-level SOM for the browsing of newsgroups.
In von der Malsburg, C., von Seelen, W., Vorbrüggen, J. C., and Sendhoff, B., editors, Proceedings of ICANN96, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Bochum, Germany, July 16-19, 1996, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1112, pages 269-274. Springer, Berlin.

Kohonen et al., 1997a

Kohonen, T., Kaski, S., and Lappalainen, H. (1997a).
Self-organized formation of various invariant-feature filters in the adaptive-subspace som.
Neural Computation, 9:1321-1344.

Kohonen et al., 1997b

Kohonen, T., Kaski, S., Lappalainen, H., and Salojärvi, J. (1997b).
The adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM).
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, Espoo, Finland, June 4-6, pages 191-196. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre, Espoo, Finland.

Kohonen et al., 1984

Kohonen, T., Mäkisara, K., and Saramäki, T. (1984).
Phonotopic maps - insightful representation of phonological features for speech recognition.
In Proceedings of 7ICPR, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pages 182-185, Los Alamitos, CA. IEEE Computer Soc. Press.

Kohonen et al., 1996c

Kohonen, T., Oja, E., Simula, O., Visa, A., and Kangas, J. (1996c).
Engineering applications of the self-organizing map.
Proceedings of the IEEE, 84(10):1358-84.

Koikkalainen, 1994

Koikkalainen, P. (1994).
Progress with the tree-structured self-organizing map.
In Cohn, A. G., editor, Proceedings of ECAI'94, 11th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 211-215, New York. John Wiley & Sons.

Koikkalainen and Oja, 1990

Koikkalainen, P. and Oja, E. (1990).
Self-organizing hierarchical feature maps.
In Proc. IJCNN-90-Wash-DC, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume II, pages 279-285, Piscataway, NJ. IEEE Service Center.

Koskenniemi, 1983

Koskenniemi, K. (1983).
Two-Level Morphology: A General Computational Model for Word-Form Recognition and Production.
PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics.

Kosko, 1997

Kosko, B. (1997).
Fuzzy Engineering.
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Lagus, 1997

Lagus, K. (1997).
Map of WSOM'97 abstracts--alternative index.
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, Espoo, Finland, June 4-6, pages 368-372. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre, Espoo, Finland.

Lagus et al., 1996a

Lagus, K., Honkela, T., Kaski, S., and Kohonen, T. (1996a).
Self-organizing maps of document collections: A new approach to interactive exploration.
In Simoudis, E., Han, J., and Fayyad, U., editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 238-243. AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California.

Lagus et al., 1996b

Lagus, K., Honkela, T., Kaski, S., and Kohonen, T. (1996b).
WEBSOM - a status report.
In Alander, J., Honkela, T., and Jakobsson, M., editors, Proceedings of STeP'96, Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference, pages 73-78. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society, Vaasa, Finland.

Lagus et al., 1996c

Lagus, K., Kaski, S., Honkela, T., and Kohonen, T. (1996c).
Browsing digital libraries with the aid of self-organizing maps.
In Proceedings of the Fifth International World Wide Web Conference WWW5, May 6-10, Paris, France, volume Poster Proceedings, pages 71-79. EPGL.

Lakoff, 1987

Lakoff, G. (1987).
Women, Fire and Dangerous Things.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Lehtola and Honkela, 1988

Lehtola, A. and Honkela, T. (1988).
AWARE - a transformation system for semantic analysis of natural language.
In Proceedings of STeP-88, Finnish Artificial Intelligence Symposium, pages 100-109. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society.

Lehtola et al., 1988a

Lehtola, A., Honkela, T., Hyötyniemi, H., and Jäppinen, H. (1988a).
Knowledge languages and metatools for natural language processing.
In Proceedings of ICSC'88, International Computer Science Conference'88., pages 273-280. IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Hongkong Section.

Lehtola et al., 1988b

Lehtola, A., Honkela, T., Hyötyniemi, H., and Jäppinen, H. (1988b).
Task oriented knowledge representation languages for nlp-systems.
In Proceedings of ISMIS'88, 3rd International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, pages 250-259. North-Holland.

Lehtola and Valkonen, 1986

Lehtola, A. and Valkonen, K. (1986).
Efficient search using blackboards - a view into Finnish parsing.
In Karjalainen, editor, Proceedings of the Third Finnish Symposium on Theoretical Computer Science, pages 64-87. University of Joensuu.

Leivian et al., 1997

Leivian, R., Peterson, W., and Gardner, M. (1997).
CorDex: a knowledge discovery tool.
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, pages 63-68. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre.

Lenat et al., 1990

Lenat, D. B., Guha, R. V., Pittman, K., Pratt, D., and Shepherd, M. (1990).
Cyc: Toward programs with common sense.
Communications of the ACM, 33:30-49.

Levinson, 1983

Levinson, S. (1983).
Pragmatics.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Lin, 1992

Lin, X. (1992).
Visualization for the document space.
In Proceedings of Visualization '92, pages 274-81, Los Alamitos, CA, USA. Center for Comput. Legal Res., Pace Univ., White Plains, NY, USA, IEEE Comput. Soc. Press.

Lin, 1997

Lin, X. (1997).
Map displays for information retrieval.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48:40-54.

Lin et al., 1991

Lin, X., Soergel, D., and Marchionini, G. (1991).
A self-organizing semantic map for information retrieval.
In Proceedings of 14th. Ann. International ACM/SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval, pages 262-269.

Lindén, 1993

Lindén, K. (1993).
Finnish language technology.
In Life and Education in Finland.

Linell, 1982

Linell, P. (1982).
The Written Language Bias in Linguistics.
Linköping.

MacLennan, 1995

MacLennan, B. (1995).
Continuous formal systems: A unifying model in language and cognition.
In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Architectures for Semiotic Modeling and Situation Analysis in Large Complex Systems, August 27-29, 1995, Monterey, CA.

MacWhinney, 1989

MacWhinney, B. (1989).
Linguistic categorization, chapter Competition and Lexical Categorization.
Benjamins, New York.

MacWhinney, 1997

MacWhinney, B. (1997).
Cognitive approaches to language learning, chapter Lexical Connectionism.
MIT Press.

Mayberry III and Miikkulainen, 1994

Mayberry III, M. R. and Miikkulainen, R. (1994).
Lexical disambiguation based on distributed representations of context frequency.
In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

McKenna and Warrington, 1978

McKenna, P. and Warrington, E. K. (1978).
Category-specific naming preservation: A single case study.
Journal of Neurology, NeuroSurgery, and Psychiatry, 41:571-574.

Merkl, 1993

Merkl, D. (1993).
Structuring software for reuse - the case of self-organizing maps.
In Proceedings of IJCNN-93-Nagoya, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume III, pages 2468-2471, Piscataway, NJ. IEEE Service Center.

Merkl, 1994

Merkl, D. (1994).
Self-Organization of Software Libraries: An Artificial Neural Network Approach.
PhD thesis, Institut für Angewandte Informatik und Informationssysteme, Universität Wien.

Merkl, 1995a

Merkl, D. (1995a).
Content-based document classification with highly compressed input data.
In Fogelman-Soulié, F. and Gallinari, P., editors, Proceedings of ICANN'95, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, volume II, pages 239-244, Nanterre, France. EC2.

Merkl, 1995b

Merkl, D. (1995b).
Content-based software classification by self-organization.
In Proceedings of ICNN'95, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, volume II, pages 1086-1091, Piscataway, NJ. IEEE Service Center.

Merkl, 1997

Merkl, D. (1997).
Lessons learned in text document classification.
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, Espoo, Finland, June 4-6, pages 316-321. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre, Espoo, Finland.

Merkl and Rauber, 1997

Merkl, D. and Rauber, A. (1997).
Alternative ways for cluster visualization in self-organizing maps.
In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, Espoo, Finland, June 4-6, pages 106-111. Helsinki University of Technology, Neural Networks Research Centre, Espoo, Finland.

Merkl et al., 1994

Merkl, D., Tjoa, A. M., and Kappel, G. (1994).
Application of self-organizing feature maps with lateral inhibition to structure a library of reusable sotware components.
In Proceedings of ICNN'94, International Conference on Neural Networks, pages 3905-3908, Piscataway, NJ. IEEE Service Center.

Miikkulainen, 1990a

Miikkulainen, R. (1990a).
DISCERN: A Distributed Artificial Neural Network Model of Script Processing and Memory.
PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles.
(Tech. Rep UCLA-AI-90-05).

Miikkulainen, 1990b

Miikkulainen, R. (1990b).
A distributed feature map model of the lexicon.
In Proceedings of 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pages 447-454, Hillsdale, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Miikkulainen, 1991

Miikkulainen, R. (1991).
A neural network model of script processing and memory.
In Proceedings of International Workshop on Fundamental Res. for the Next Generation of Natural Language Processing, Kyoto, Japan. ATR International.

Miikkulainen, 1993a

Miikkulainen, R. (1993a).
DISCERN: A distributed neural network model of script processing and memory.
In Proceedings of Third Twente Workshop on Language Technology, Twente, Netherlands. Computer Science Department, University of Twente.

Miikkulainen, 1993b

Miikkulainen, R. (1993b).
Subsymbolic Natural Language Processing: An Integrated Model of Scripts, Lexicon, and Memory.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Miikkulainen, 1997

Miikkulainen, R. (1997).
Self-organizing feature map model of the lexicon.
Brain and Language, 59:334-366.

Miikkulainen and Dyer, 1991

Miikkulainen, R. and Dyer, M. G. (1991).
Natural language processing with modular neural networks and distributed lexicon.
Cognitive Science, 15:343-399.

Mitra and Pal, 1994

Mitra, S. and Pal, S. (1994).
Self-organizing neural network as a fuzzy classifier.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 24(3):385-99.

Mitra and Pal, 1996

Mitra, S. and Pal, S. (1996).
Fuzzy self-organization, inferencing, and rule generation.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Part A [Systems & Humans], 26(5):608-20.

Moore and Carling, 1988

Moore, T. and Carling, C. (1988).
The Limitations of Language.
Macmillan Press, Houndmills.

Nakamura et al., 1990

Nakamura, M., Maruyama, K., Kawabata, T., and Shikano, K. (1990).
Neural network for word category prediction.
In Karlgren, H., editor, Papers presented to the 13th International Conference On Computational Linguistics. International Committee on Computational Linguistics.

Nenov and Dyer, 1993

Nenov, V. I. and Dyer, M. G. (1993).
Perceptually grounded language learning: Part 1 - A neural network architecture for robust sequence association.
Connection Science, 5(2):115-138.

Nenov and Dyer, 1994

Nenov, V. I. and Dyer, M. G. (1994).
Perceptually grounded language learning: Part 2 - DETE: a neural/procedural model.
Connection Science, 6(1):3-41.

Persson, 1995

Persson, I.-B. (1995).
Connectionism, Language Production and Adult Aphasia; Elaboration of a Connectionist Framework for Lexical Processing and a Hypothesis of Agrammatic Aphasia.
PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Pollack, 1990

Pollack, J. B. (1990).
Recursive distributed representations.
Artificial Intelligence, 46:77-105.

Pulkki, 1995

Pulkki, V. (1995).
Data averaging inside categories with the self-organizing map.
Report A27, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, Espoo, Finland.

Raukko, 1994

Raukko, J. (1994).
Polysemy: network of meanings - net of meaning (in Finnish).
In Leino, P. and Onikki, T., editors, Perspectives on polysemy. Kieli 8. Cognitive Grammar on Finnish 2. (in Finnish), pages 36-69. Department of Finnish, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.

Raukko, 1997

Raukko, J. (1997).
Cultural, Typological, and Psychological Perspectives in Cognitive Linguistics, chapter An 'intersubjective' method for cognitive-semantic research on polysemy: The case of _get_.

Regier, 1995

Regier, T. (1995).
A model of the human capacity for categorizing spatial relations.
Cognitive Linguistics, 6(1):63-88.

Ritter and Kohonen, 1989

Ritter, H. and Kohonen, T. (1989).
Self-organizing semantic maps.
Biological Cybernetics, 61(4):241-254.

Ritter and Kohonen, 1990

Ritter, H. and Kohonen, T. (1990).
Learning 'semantotopic maps' from context.
In Proceedings of IJCNN-90-WASH-DC, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume I, pages 23-26, Hillsdale, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Rosch, 1977

Rosch, E. (1977).
Studies in cross-cultural psychology, vol. 1, chapter Human categorization, pages 3-49.
Academic Press, New York.

Rozmus, 1995

Rozmus, J. (1995).
Information retrieval by self-organizing maps.
In Williams, M., editor, 16th National Online Meeting Proceedings - 1995, pages 349-54, Medford, NJ, USA. Smart Syst., USA, Learned Inf.

Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986

Rumelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L. (1986).
Parallel Distributed Processing; Volume 2: Psychological and Biological Models, chapter On learning the past tenses of English verbs, pages 216-271.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Salton, 1989

Salton, G. (1989).
Automatic Text Processing.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Salton et al., 1975

Salton, G., Wong, A., and Yang, C. S. (1975).
A vector space model for automatic indexing.
Communications of the ACM, 18(11):613-620.

Schnelle and Wilkens, 1990

Schnelle, H. and Wilkens, R. (1990).
Connectionist networks for constituent structure.
In Karlgren, H., editor, Papers presented to the 13th International Conference On Computational Linguistics. International Committee on Computational Linguistics.

Scholtes, 1992a

Scholtes, J. C. (1992a).
Neural data oriented parsing.
In Proceedings of 3rd Twente Workshop on Language Technology, Twente, Netherlands. University of Twente.

Scholtes, 1992b

Scholtes, J. C. (1992b).
Resolving linguistic ambiguities with a neural data-oriented parsing (DOP) system.
In Aleksander, I. and Taylor, J., editors, Artificial Neural Networks, 2, volume II, pages 1347-1350, Amsterdam, Netherlands. North-Holland.

Scholtes, 1993

Scholtes, J. C. (1993).
Neural Networks in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval.
PhD thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Scholtes and Bloembergen, 1992

Scholtes, J. C. and Bloembergen, S. (1992).
The design of a neural data-oriented parsing (DOP) model.
In Proceedings of IJCNN-92-Baltimore, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume II, pages 69-72, Piscataway, NJ. IEEE Service Center.

Schütze, 1992

Schütze, H. (1992).
Dimensions of meaning.
In Proceedings of Supercomputing, pages 787-796.

Tikkala et al., 1997

Tikkala, A., Eikmeyer, H.-J., Niemi, J., and Laine, M. (1997).
On the production of Finnish nouns: A psycholinguistically motivated connectionist model.
Connection Science, in press.

Tirri, 1991

Tirri, H. (1991).
Implementing expert system rule conditions by neural networks.
New Generation Computing, 10(1):55-71.

Ultsch, 1993

Ultsch, A. (1993).
Self-organizing neural networks for visualization and classification.
In Opitz, O., Lausen, B., and Klar, R., editors, Information and Classification, pages 307-313, London, UK. Springer.

Ultsch and Siemon, 1990

Ultsch, A. and Siemon, H. (1990).
Kohonen's self organizing feature maps for exploratory data analysis.
In Proceedings of INNC'90, International Neural Network Conference, pages 305-308, Dordrecht, Netherlands. Kluwer.

Valkonen et al., 1987

Valkonen, K., Jäppinen, H., and Lehtola, A. (1987).
Blackboard-based dependency parsing.
In Proceedings of IJCAI'87, Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 700-702.

Varela et al., 1993

Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., , and Rosch, E. (1993).
The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience.
MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

von der Malsburg, 1973

von der Malsburg, C. (1973).
Self-organization of orientation sensitive cells in the striate cortex.
Kybernetik, 14:85-100.

Wermter et al., 1996

Wermter, S., Riloff, E., and Scheler, G. (1996).
Connectionist, Statistical and Symbolic Approaches to Learning for Natural Language Processing.
Springer Verlag, New York.

Winston, 1984

Winston, P. H. (1984).
Artificial Intelligence, Second Edition.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Zadeh, 1965

Zadeh, L. A. (1965).
Fuzzy sets.
Information and Control, 8:338-353.

Zavrel, 1995

Zavrel, J. (1995).
Neural information retrieval - an experimental study of clustering and browsing of document collections with neural networks.
Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Zavrel, 1996

Zavrel, J. (1996).
Neural navigation interfaces for information retrieval: are they more than an appealing idea?
Artificial Intelligence Review, 10(5-6):477-504.