| Superior | Above another part, opposite to inferior. |
| Inferior | Below another part, opposite to superior. |
| Anterior | Toward the front, opposite to posterior. |
| Posterior | Toward the back, opposite to anterior. |
| Lateral | Toward the side, away from the midline. |
| Medial | Toward the midline, away from the side. |
| Ipsilateral | On the same side of the body. |
| Contralateral | On the opposite side of the body. |
| Coronal plane | A plane seen from the front. |
| Sagittal plane | A plane seen from the side. |
| Horizontal plane | A plane seen from above. |
| Nucleus | A cluster of neuron cell bodies within |
| the central nervous system. (Plural: nuclei) | |
| Ganglion | A cluster of neuron cell bodies outside |
| the central nervous system. | |
| Gyrus | A protuberance on the surface of the brain. |
| (Plural: gyri) | |
| Sulcus | A fold or groove that separates one gyrus |
| from another. (Plural: sulci) | |
| Fissure | A long, deep sulcus |